# Topic covered
* Mail Protocol
  * Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
  * POP3 vs IMAP
  * SMTP & POP & IMAP
* WebSocket

# Topic covered
* SSL/TLS encryption protocol
* SSL Certificates
    * What is https and how to install SSL certificate
* What is HTTPS?
* How does HTTPS (SSL/TLS) work?
* Why does HTTPS switch to symmetric encryption during data transmission?

# Topic covered
* What is DNS?
* DNS Servers
  * DNS resolver, Root, TLD and  Authoritative
* Who operates DNS root servers?
* How do resolvers find DNS root servers?
* Types of DNS queries
  * Iterative
  * Recursive
* How does the Domain Name System (DNS) lookup work?
* Why does DNS use UDP and not TCP?

# Topic covered
* Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
* What’s in an HTTP request?
* What’s in an HTTP response?
* Generation of HTTP(HTTP version type)
  * HTTP/1.0
  * HTTP/2
  * HTTP/3 (QUIC)

# Topic covered
* Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
  * TCP Three-Way Handshake Process
* User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
* TCP vs UDP
* When to use UDP and TCP?

# Topic covered
* Network Devices
  * Repeater, Hub, Bridges, Switch, Router Modem
* Client, Server, Host, Noise, Distortion
* Who governs the Internet?
* Internet, Intranet and Extranet

# Topic covered
* OSI Model
  * Physical, Data-link Layer
  * Network Layer
  * Transport Layer
  * Session, Presentation, Application Layer
* TCP/IP model

# Topic covered
* Computer Network
* Types of computer networks
  * PAN, LAN, CAN, MAN, WAN
* Types of Transmission Media
  * Guided Media
  * Unguided Media
* Transmission Modes in Computer Networks
  * Simplex, Half-Duplex, Full-Duplex
* Types of Network Topology
  * P2P, Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, Mesh, Hybrid
* Data Transmission
  * Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast

Non-contiguous Allocation

• The non-contiguous memory allocation also reduces memory wastage caused by internal and external fragmentation.
• Paging and Segmentation are the two ways that allow a process’s physical address space to be non-contiguous.

Memory Management Techniques

Logical versus Physical Address Space

• Logical Address
  • An address generated by the CPU while a program is running
  • The logical address is basically the address of an instruction or data used by a process.
  • User can access logical address of the process.
  • User has indirect access to the physical address through logical address
  • Logical address does not exist physically. Hence, aka, Virtual address
  • The set of all logical addresses that are generated by any program is referred to as Logical Address Space
  • Range: 0 to max