Static website hosting

• Static websites are ones that are fixed and display the same content for every user, usually written exclusively in HTML
• Static web pages can contain client-side technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
• They cannot contain dynamic content such as server-side scripts like PHP.

Domains

What Is a Domain?

• Domain is the name of a website
• Domain name points to the website server IP so that you don’t have to remember the complicated IP addresses
• The IP address is the equivalent of this physical address, but for the web.
• Your home’s address allows people, or your GPS, to find and navigate to your home, while your IP address tells web browsers where to go to display your website.
• Use ping google.com to find google.com IP

Method Resolution order

• MRO defines the order in which the base classes are searched when executing a method.
• First, the method or attribute is searched within a class and then it follows the order we specified while inheriting

Property Decorators

@property is a built-in decorator in python language which is used to make functions like getters, setters, deleter in a class behave as class properties.

Make a method behaves as attribute/variable

Magic Methods

Magic Methods are also known as Dunder methods, Special methods

Python dunder methods are the special predefined methods having two prefixes and two suffix underscores in the method name. Here, the word dunder means double under (underscore).

These special dunder methods are used in case of operator overloading (they provide extended meaning beyond the predefined meaning to an operator).

5. Inheritance

It is a mechanism that allows you to create a hierarchy of classes that share a set of properties and methods by deriving a class from another class. Inheritance is the capability of one class to derive or inherit the properties from another class.

• It specifies that the child object acquires all the properties and behaviors of the parent object.
• It provides re-usability of the code.

4.1 Encapsulation in Python

• Access modifier are useful to attain encapsulation
• It is archived by access modifiers public, private, protected

Python does not have strong distinctions between private and public variables like Java does.

There is no private-ness in python, as one of Python principles says –> We're all adults

# They just follow convention
Single underscore `_`
    --> its suppose to be protected
Double underscore `__`
    --> Do not use this field directly

# It is called Name Mangling

3. Methods in python

• Function
  • Function is block of code that is also called by its name(independent)
  • Function does not deal with Class and its instance concept.
• Methods
  • Method is called by its name, but it is associated to an object (dependent)

The following are various types of allowed methods:

1. Instance Methods - - self
2. Class Methods - - cls
3. Static Methods

Type Checking/Annotations in Python

• Type Annotations are a new feature added in PEP 484 that allow for adding type hints to variables.
• They are used to inform someone reading the code what the type of a variable should be.
• This brings a sense of statically typed control to the dynamically typed Python
• Usage

  • Annotate Argument
  • Annotate Return type
  • Annotate Variable

# Topic covered
1. Variables/Attribute
2. Instance/Regular Variables (Object Level Variables)
3. Static Variables (Class Level Variables)
4. Local variables (Method Level Variables)
5. Attribute Shawdowing