Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing and analyzing the data.Data - facts or pieces of informationorganizing and summarizing the data.form conclusion, make predictions.Covariance and Correlation are very helpful in understanding the relationship between two continuous variables.
Covariance tells whether both variables vary in the same direction (positive covariance) or in the opposite direction (negative covariance).
Covariance(x, y)
$$ Cov(x, y) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{(x_i - \bar{x})(y_i - \bar{y})}{n-1} $$
A probability distribution is a mathematical function that describes the probability of different possible outcomes for an experiment.
Probability distributions are often depicted using graphs or probability tables.
While descriptive statistics summarize the characteristics of a data set,
inferential statistics help you come to conclusions and make predictions based on your data.
Inferential statistics have two main uses:
making estimates about populations (for example, the mean SAT score of all 11th graders in the US).testing hypotheses to draw conclusions about populations (for example, the relationship between SAT scores and family income).