#Django-Basic  #Django 

Django settings

  • A Django settings file contains all the configuration of your Django installation.
  • A settings file is just a Python module with module-level variables.
# setting example
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['www.example.com']
DEBUG = False
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = '[email protected]'

5.1 BASE_DIR

  • BASE_DIR points to top hierarchy of project
import os

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# mysite/mysite/setting.py

5.2 DEBUG

  • In Development Error is very obvious to occur.
  • Django provides an inbuilt Debugger which makes the developer’s life very easy
# In Developement
DEBUG = True 

# In production, 
DEBUG = False

5.3 ALLOWED_HOSTS

  • ALLOWED_HOSTS is list having addresses of all domains which can run your Django Project.
  • It can not be an empty list
# 127.0.0.1 --> represents Your PC,
# *.heroku.com -->  represents heroku
# i.e. local PC and heroku can run my project
ALLOWED_HOSTS=[“127.0.0.1”, “*.heroku.com”]

5.4 INSTALLED_APPS

  • We mention all apps that will be used in our Django project.
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # don't forget to quote it and also commas after every app
        'polls',
]

5.5 DATABASES

  • Django officially supports the following databases
    • PostgreSQL, MariaDB, MySQL, Oracle
    • SQLite <– By Default
# Default DB setting --> with SQLite
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': 'mydatabase',
    }
}
  • PostgreSQL DB setup
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'mydatabase',
        'USER': 'mydatabaseuser',
        'PASSWORD': 'mypassword',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}
  • To use other Database change ENGINE
    • You can use a database backend that doesn’t ship with Django
    • By setting ENGINE to a fully-qualified path (i.e. mypackage.backends.whatever)
# ENGINE
'django.db.backends.postgresql'
'django.db.backends.mysql'
'django.db.backends.sqlite3'
'django.db.backends.oracle'

ALT

DEFAULT_DATABASE_CONFIG = dj_database_url.config(
        default='postgres://:ss', conn_max_age=120)
DEFAULT_DATABASE_CONFIG.update({
    'OPTIONS': {
        'isolation_level': psycopg2.extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_REPEATABLE_READ,
    }
})
DATABASES = {
    'default': DEFAULT_DATABASE_CONFIG,
}

5.6 URL/Root Variables

  • STATIC_URL
    • It is the folder in each app, where Django will look for static files
  • MEDIA_URL
    • It is same as STATIC_URL but used for media files
  • STATICFILES_DIRS
    • It is the list of folders where Django will search for additional static files
    • Static assets that aren’t tied to a particular app
  • MEDIA_ROOT
    • It is the folder where files uploaded using FileField will go.
  • STATIC_ROOT
    • It is the folder where static files collected after using manage.py collectstatic
# Inside each app --> mysite/polls/static/
STATIC_URL = 'static/'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

# Project level
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    # mysite/static_in_pro/frontend/
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static_in_pro", "frontend"),

    # mysite/static/
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
)

5.7 Templates

  • Change Templates Dir
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        .... }]

5.8 Middleware

Middleware is a lightweight plugin (python class) that hooks into Django’s request/response life cycle

Middleware is used to perform a function in the application like security, session, csrf protection, authentication etc

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

order in MIDDLEWARE

The order in MIDDLEWARE matters because a middleware can depend on other middleware. For instance, AuthenticationMiddleware stores the authenticated user in the session; therefore, it must run after SessionMiddleware.

A Django installation doesn’t require any middleware — MIDDLEWARE can be empty, if you’d like — but it’s strongly suggested that you at least use CommonMiddleware

The MIDDLEWARE list is like an onion, each request passes through from top to bottom and response is in reverse order (bottom to up).

  • CSRF middleware
    • csrf_protect()
    • csrf_token tag
    • csrf_exempt()

https://vegibit.com/how-to-create-and-use-custom-django-middleware/

setting.py

LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = ‘home’ LOGIN_URL = ‘login’

Reference